Common Name: Spotted Cactus Pleco
Scientific Name: Pseudacanthicus sp. (L97)
Other Names: L97, Cactus Pleco
The Spotted Cactus Pleco is a visually stunning freshwater fish known for its unique spotted pattern and robust, spiny body. Typically, it has a dark brown or black body with bright white or yellow spots, giving it a distinctive appearance. The body is covered in hard bony plates and sharp spines, characteristic of the Pseudacanthicus genus, providing both protection and a rugged look.
Habitat and Distribution:
The Spotted Cactus Pleco is native to the Rio Negro and Orinoco River basins in Brazil and Venezuela. These rivers are known for their fast-flowing, oxygen-rich waters with rocky substrates. The natural habitat provides plenty of hiding spots among rocks and submerged wood, essential for the well-being of these plecos.
Size and Lifespan:
In both the wild and captivity, Spotted Cactus Plecos can grow up to 12-14 inches (30-35 cm) in length. With proper care, their lifespan can range from 10 to 15 years, depending on the quality of their diet and water conditions.
Diet and Behavior:
Spotted Cactus Plecos are omnivorous, feeding on a mix of algae, biofilm, plant matter, and small invertebrates in their natural habitat. In an aquarium, their diet should include high-quality sinking pellets, algae wafers, and fresh vegetables such as zucchini, cucumber, and spinach. They also require protein-rich foods like bloodworms, brine shrimp, and pieces of fish. These plecos are primarily nocturnal and most active during the night. They can be territorial, especially towards other plecos, so it's best to provide ample space and hiding spots.
Breeding and Reproduction:
Breeding Spotted Cactus Plecos in captivity is challenging due to their specific environmental needs and territorial nature. They are cave spawners, with the female laying eggs in a secluded spot such as a small cave or hollow piece of driftwood. The male guards the eggs until they hatch. To encourage breeding, provide plenty of hiding spots and caves, and maintain optimal water conditions with regular water changes. Successful breeding typically requires very large, well-maintained tanks.
Aquarium Care and Tank Requirements:
Due to their size and territorial nature, Spotted Cactus Plecos require a large aquarium, with a minimum of 100 gallons recommended for adult specimens. The tank should have a soft, sandy or fine gravel substrate to prevent injury to their delicate barbels. Include plenty of hiding spots created with rocks, driftwood, and caves to mimic their natural habitat and reduce stress. Efficient filtration and regular water changes are essential to maintain water quality, as these fish produce a significant amount of waste. The water temperature should be kept between 78-86°F (26-30°C), with a pH of 6.0-7.5 and soft to moderately hard water.
Ideal Tank Mates:
Spotted Cactus Plecos can be kept with other large, robust fish that share similar water parameter requirements. Suitable tank mates include large cichlids, other large catfish, and similarly aggressive species. Avoid housing them with small or delicate species that may become targets of aggression or predation.
Difficulty Level:
Intermediate to Advanced. Keeping Spotted Cactus Plecos requires a deep understanding of their needs, including their large size, territorial behavior, and specific water quality requirements. They are best suited for experienced aquarists with the space and resources to provide proper care.
Water Parameters:
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Temperature: 78-86°F (26-30°C)
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pH: 6.0-7.5
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General Hardness (GH): 5-15 dGH
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Carbonate Hardness (KH): 4-10 dKH
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Ammonia: 0 ppm (ideal)
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Nitrite: 0 ppm (ideal)
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Nitrate: <20 ppm (ideal)
Additional Information:
- The Spotted Cactus Pleco’s vibrant spots and spiny body make it a striking addition to any large aquarium.
- They are known for their territorial nature and should be provided with plenty of space and hiding spots to minimize aggression.
