Common Name: Redtail Catfish
Scientific Name: Phractocephalus hemioliopterus
Other Names: Red-tailed Catfish, Red Tail Catfish
The Redtail Catfish is a large and visually striking species known for its distinctive coloration. It has a broad, cylindrical body with a dark gray or black back and a white underbelly. The most notable feature is its bright red tail, which contrasts sharply against its darker body. This species also has long barbels around its mouth, typical of many catfish.
Habitat and Distribution: Native to South America, Redtail Catfish are found in the Amazon, Orinoco, and Essequibo river basins. They inhabit a variety of freshwater environments, including large rivers, streams, and flooded forests, preferring areas with slow to moderate current.
Size and Lifespan: Redtail Catfish can grow to an immense size, often reaching over 4 feet in length and weighing over 100 pounds in the wild. In captivity, they may not reach their full wild size but still require very large tanks to accommodate their growth. They can live for 15 years or more with proper care.
Diet and Behavior: This species is primarily a bottom feeder and is omnivorous. In the wild, their diet includes fish, crustaceans, fruits, and seeds. In captivity, they should be fed a varied diet that includes large pellets, frozen foods like shrimp and fish, and occasional fruits and vegetables. Redtail Catfish are generally solitary and can be aggressive towards smaller fish, which they may see as prey.
Breeding and Reproduction: Breeding Redtail Catfish in home aquariums is extremely rare and not well-documented. In the wild, they migrate to flooded areas to spawn during the rainy season.
Aquarium Care and Tank Requirements: Due to their potential size, Redtail Catfish are not suitable for most home aquariums. They require a very large tank, with a recommended minimum size of 1000 gallons for an adult. The tank should have a strong filtration system and ample space for swimming.
Ideal Tank Mates: Given their size and predatory nature, keeping Redtail Catfish with other fish is challenging. They are best kept alone or with very large, robust species that can coexist peacefully. Smaller fish will likely be eaten.
Difficulty Level: Advanced/Expert. Their massive size, specific dietary needs, and tank requirements make them suitable only for experienced aquarists with the capability to provide a large enough environment.
Water Parameters:
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Temperature: 68-79°F (20-26°C)
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pH: 6.0-7.5
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General Hardness (GH): 5-20 dGH
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Carbonate Hardness (KH): 3-10 dKH
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Ammonia: 0 ppm
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Nitrite: 0 ppm
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Nitrate: <20 ppm
Additional Information:
- Redtail Catfish are often purchased as small juveniles but grow quickly, making them unsuitable for most private aquaria.
- They are known for their voracious appetite and can inadvertently swallow decorations or smaller tank mates.
- In public aquariums and large ponds, they can be a spectacular display species due to their size and distinctive appearance.
