Common Name: Silver Arowana
Scientific Name: Osteoglossum bicirrhosum
Other Names: Dragon Fish, Monkey Fish, Water Monkey
The Silver Arowana is a striking and majestic freshwater fish known for its elongated body, large scales, and silvery sheen. It has long, pectoral fins and a distinctive, upward-facing mouth, which is adapted for surface feeding. Silver Arowanas are often referred to as "Dragon Fish" due to their graceful, undulating swimming motion and dragon-like appearance. They are highly prized in the aquarium hobby for their beauty and elegance.
Habitat and Distribution: The Silver Arowana is native to the Amazon Basin in South America, including countries such as Brazil, Peru, and Colombia. They inhabit slow-moving rivers, floodplains, and flooded forests. These environments provide abundant cover and food sources, including insects, crustaceans, and smaller fish. The water in their natural habitat is typically warm, soft, and slightly acidic to neutral, with dense vegetation and submerged roots.
Size and Lifespan: In the wild, Silver Arowanas can grow up to 3 feet (90 cm) in length. In captivity, they typically reach around 2 feet (60 cm), although larger specimens are not uncommon. Their lifespan can range from 10 to 15 years, with some individuals living even longer under optimal conditions. Proper care, including a spacious tank, a balanced diet, and excellent water quality, is crucial for their longevity.
Diet and Behavior: Silver Arowanas are carnivorous and have a varied diet that includes insects, small fish, crustaceans, and other meaty foods. In an aquarium, they should be fed a diet of high-quality carnivorous pellets, supplemented with live or frozen foods such as shrimp, fish, and insects. They are known for their ability to jump out of the water to catch prey, so a tightly fitting tank lid is essential. Silver Arowanas are generally solitary and can be territorial, especially in smaller tanks. They are best kept in a large, well-decorated aquarium to minimize stress and aggression.
Breeding and Reproduction: Breeding Silver Arowanas in captivity can be challenging due to their size and specific environmental needs. They are mouthbrooders, with the male carrying the fertilized eggs and later the fry in his mouth to protect them from predators. Successful breeding typically requires a large, specialized breeding tank with optimal water conditions and a high-quality diet to condition the breeding pair. The male will carry the eggs and fry for several weeks until they are ready to fend for themselves.
Aquarium Care and Tank Requirements: To keep Silver Arowanas, a large aquarium of at least 250 gallons is recommended to provide ample swimming space and accommodate their size. The tank should include plenty of hiding spots created with driftwood and robust plants to mimic their natural habitat and reduce stress. A sandy or fine gravel substrate is ideal, along with moderate water flow to simulate river conditions. Efficient filtration and regular water changes are essential to maintain water quality. As mentioned, a tightly fitting lid is crucial to prevent escapes.
Ideal Tank Mates: Silver Arowanas can be kept with other large, robust fish that share similar water parameter requirements. Suitable tank mates include other large cichlids, large catfish, and other similarly sized, non-aggressive fish. It is important to avoid housing them with small fish, as they may be seen as prey.
Difficulty Level: Advanced. Due to their large size, specific dietary needs, and territorial behavior, Silver Arowanas are best suited for experienced aquarists with the resources to provide a large, well-maintained aquarium.
Water Parameters:
-
Temperature: 75-82°F (24-28°C)
-
pH: 6.0-7.5
-
General Hardness (GH): 3-12 dGH
-
Carbonate Hardness (KH): 2-6 dKH
-
Ammonia: 0 ppm (ideal), up to 0.25 ppm (max)
-
Nitrite: 0 ppm (ideal), up to 0.25 ppm (max)
-
Nitrate: <20 ppm (ideal), up to 40 ppm (max)
Additional Information:
- Silver Arowanas are known for their jumping ability, so ensuring a secure lid on the aquarium is essential to prevent them from escaping.
- In some cultures, Silver Arowanas are considered symbols of luck and prosperity, adding to their appeal among aquarists.
- Their large size and predatory nature mean they require a significant commitment in terms of tank size, maintenance, and diet.
- Fun fact: The name "Monkey Fish" comes from their unique ability to jump out of the water to catch prey from overhanging branches, showcasing their agility and hunting prowess.
