Common Name: Threespot Headstander
Scientific Name: Pseudanos trimaculatus
The Threespot Headstander is a wild-caught characin from South America. It is a slender, torpedo-shaped headstander with three dark spots along its body, which give the species its name. Like its relatives, it often holds itself at a head-down angle while grazing. It is an active, interesting fish that adds movement and character to the aquarium.
Habitat and Distribution:
Pseudanos trimaculatus is found in the Amazon and Orinoco basins, where it lives in flowing rivers among rocks and submerged wood. The water in these habitats is typically warm, soft and slightly acidic, and submerged wood and vegetation provide cover.
Size and Lifespan:
It reaches about 5 inches (13 cm). Lifespan in captivity is not well documented for this species, but with good care it can be expected to live for many years.
Diet and Behavior:
It is omnivorous, grazing algae, detritus and small invertebrates from rocks and wood in the wild. In the aquarium, offer flakes, pellets and spirulina along with frozen foods such as bloodworms. It is peaceful and active, should be kept in a group, and may nibble plants. Feed a varied diet and remove uneaten food promptly to protect water quality.
Breeding and Reproduction:
Threespot headstanders are not bred in home aquariums; fish in the trade are wild-caught. Little is documented about its breeding habits in the wild.
Aquarium Care and Tank Requirements:
A tank of at least 55 gallons is recommended for a group. Provide a long tank with swimming space, rocks and driftwood, good water movement and a secure lid, as headstanders can jump. The water temperature should be kept between 73-81°F (23-27°C), with a pH of 6.0-7.5 and soft to moderately hard water. Efficient filtration and regular partial water changes are essential to maintain water quality, and new arrivals should be acclimated slowly.
Ideal Tank Mates:
Good tank mates include other peaceful to semi-aggressive fish of similar size, such as larger tetras, silver dollars, eartheaters and plecos. Avoid slow, long-finned fish. As with any aquarium, introduce new fish carefully and watch for signs of stress or aggression.
Difficulty Level:
Intermediate. It is hardy, but active and best kept in a group in a larger tank. It is well suited to aquarists with some experience who can maintain stable water conditions.
Water Parameters:
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Temperature: 73-81°F (23-27°C)
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pH: 6.0-7.5
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General Hardness (GH): 2-12 dGH
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Carbonate Hardness (KH): 2-8 dKH
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Ammonia: 0 ppm
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Nitrite: 0 ppm
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Nitrate: <20 ppm (regular water changes required)
Additional Information:
- Like other headstanders, it often swims with a head-down posture.
- Keep it in a group to reduce stress and squabbling.
- A secure lid is recommended, as headstanders can jump.
The Threespot Headstander is an active, unusual characin for larger South American community tanks. With the right setup and care, it will be a rewarding addition for many years.
